PCOS

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal and metabolic condition affecting women of reproductive age. It may cause irregular or absent periods, excessive facial or body hair, acne, weight gain, and difficulty conceiving due to irregular ovulation.

PCOS is associated with hormonal imbalance, increased androgen levels, insulin resistance, and genetic factors. Diagnosis may include a detailed menstrual and medical history, physical examination, blood investigations, and pelvic ultrasound when clinically indicated.

Treatment is personalized according to symptoms, age, overall health, and pregnancy plans. Management may include healthy lifestyle changes, weight management, medications to regulate menstrual cycles, treatment for acne or excessive hair growth, and ovulation-inducing medicines for women planning pregnancy.

Long-term follow-up is important because PCOS may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, metabolic disorders, and endometrial problems.